Coffee Roasting (#)

„The second step is followed by a short endothermic period, which is followed by another exothermic (beans release heat) step called the second crack.  This second pyrolysis occurs between 225-230°C, and the roast color is defined as medium-dark brown (Agtron #50-45) (Davids, Roasting, 68).  The second pop is much quicker sounding and the beans take on an oily sheen.  Roasting well into the second pop or darker is not favorable since volatile aromatic compounds are stripped off and oils on the outside of the bean are more easily oxidized.  Unfortunately, in America the trend is to roast to a dark black, with a bright-shiny surface, and a final temperature of 240°C.  This type of roast is often preferred since it masks poor blending, dirty machines, and stale coffee.“

http://www.coffeeresearch.org/coffee/ roasting.htm - Cached

Amazon.com: Books: Coffee : A Guide to Buying, Brewing, and Enjoying, Fifth Edition (#)

„If you are anything like me you'll quickly realize that you have been doing many things wrong and will be seized with the urge, not only to start using better coffee, but also to start brewing it properly. Although acquiring your very own roasting machine or espresso machine may be a little too ambitious for most of us, you may decide that bringing your coffee at least one stage closer to perfection by buying a grinder and grinding the beans yourself is probably a good idea. If you do so decide, Davids will inform you just why a manual is preferable to an electric grinder (it generates less of the heat that disperses the volatile substances that give flavor to coffee), and where you can buy a good grinder if one isn't locally available. His book, besides containing much else (coffee chemistry, maps, photographs, coffee glossary, etc.), concludes with a list of companies which sell a wide range of the best coffees and coffee paraphernalia and equipment.“

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/asin/031224665x/ - Cached

Virtual Coffee: Educational Primer (#)

„Darker roasts generally equate to:Less fiber content of the bean and thus less viscosity and body in the cup.Less caffeine in the cup, resulting in slightly less bitterness and slightly lessstrength.More organic losses and, therefore, a loss in complexity of flavors and density of thecoffee.More sucrose will be lost, but more caramelization will be present, resulting in a moreliqueur-like and sugary, caramelized flavor.Less volatile aromas, less acidity and less aroma will be present, thus the loss ofaromatic and acidic flavor components.Less chlorogenic acids resulting in a silkier, smoother texture.More dissolving properties of the beans, thus more extractability of flavors from theparticular blend.More oils on the outside of the beans, causing more problems with oxidation and/orconcerns associated with extra smoke created in the roasting process. These elements couldcontribute to faster staling of the coffee and/or a more pungent flavor profile.“

http://www.virtualcoffee.com/may/educate.html - Cached

Global Exchange : 445.html (#)

„Oxfam is calling for the adoption of a new plan put forward by the International Coffee Organization to take some lower-grade beans off the market, and for the top four coffee-roasting multinationals to pay a fair price for the beans. Oxfam says world coffee prices are at a 30-year low because 8 percent more coffee is being produced than consumed. It says multinational coffee companies are making large profits by charging consumers in rich countries 1,500 percent more than farmers in poor countries are paid for their beans.“

http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/coffee/ 445.html - Cached

Tea & Coffee 02/04 - Temperature Probes and the Advancement of Coffee Roasting (#)

„The difference is that the media being measured is now the air (environment) in the roasting chamber. Since, when roasting, it is not possible to completely eliminate the influence of the coffee beans on the environment we must attempt to minimize it through correct positioning. When positioning the probe, keep it up as high as possible inside the drum, being careful to keep the probe as far out of the air stream as possible. If the environment probe is positioned in the air stream, the speed of the air across the probe will cause it to read higher than the actual temperature inside the drum.“

http://www.teaandcoffee.net/0204/coffee.htm - Cached

Café de Colombia - BY ROAST (#)

„Coffee is usually roasted for about 10 to 20 minutes at temperatures ranging from 400ºF to 425ºF. The secret to developing the aroma and flavor of coffee is found in the roasting of the coffee beans. The length of time, as well as temperature of the roast, are crucial in producing a quality cup of coffee, as well as determining which characteristics will be emphasized or muted. If roasting is too short, the oils won't be brought to the surface and the coffee will have a nutty flavor and lack consistency.“

http://www.juanvaldez.com/menu/history/ roasting.html - Cached

Roasting Types Page - National Coffee Association (#)

„Roasting brings out the aroma and flavor that is locked inside the green coffee beans.  A green bean has none of the characteristics of a roasted bean.  It is soft and spongy to the bite and smells green, almost 'grassy.'  Roasting causes numerous chemical changes to take place as the beans are rapidly brought to very high temperatures. When they reach the peak of perfection, they are quickly cooled to stop the process. Roasted beans smell like coffee, and weigh less because the moisture has been roasted out.“

http://www.ncausa.org/public/pages/ index.cfm?pageid=74 - Cached

- Coffee Science Information Centre (#)

„This difference was observed despite a 19% and 45% decrease in the chlorogenic acid content of light and medium roast coffee respectively implying that other compounds make significant contributions to the total antioxidant activity of roasted coffee. Melanoidins are brown polymers formed by the Maillard reaction during the roasting of coffee beans and account for up to 25% of the dry matter. It has recently been shown by the ABTS•+ method that coffee melanoidins have significant antioxidant activity in vitro (9). “

http://www.cosic.org/coffee-and-health/ antioxidants - Cached

- Coffee Science Information Centre (#)

„There are few data on the relationship between caffeine intake and dyspepsia although one study was unable to show any association between caffeine intake and indigestion in 4,558 Australians after adjusting for confounders (5). The anecdotal observation that conduction roasting by comparison with conventional roasting of coffee beans reduces dyspeptic symptoms in coffee sensitive individuals was not confirmed by a recent intervention trial (6). It can be concluded that coffee has no effects on dyspepsia in most individuals.“

http://www.cosic.org/coffee-and-health/ gastrointestinal-function - Cached

Coffee: Lifeblood of Navy (#)

„At two huge roasting plants located at Oakland, Calif., and Brooklyn, N.Y., carloads of green coffee beans are received from South and Central America, graded and stored. Different blends of coffee beans are poured into a mixer, then shot up a compressed air chute into the roasting ovens. These roasters are capable of roasting up to 500 pounds of beans every 15 minutes. Next the coffee is ground and packed 20-pound vacuum tins or 50-pound bags for distribution.“

http://www.koffeekorner.com/ brewing_coffee_in_the_navy.htm - Cached

CoffeeGeek - Bean There - Pt 4: Roasting & Blending Espresso (#)

„This is not to suggest that it is almost impossible to produce good espresso but rather that it can only be done consistently when all the elements are understood and respected. In roasting and blending for espresso it is necessary to carefully choose quality coffee beans, to roast them to the proper point to develop the desired character. Espresso is almost always produced from a blend of coffees, the challenge is to blend them for refinement with strength and having harmony while allowing individual notes to sing out.“

http://www.coffeegeek.com/opinions/terrym/ 05-26-2002 - Cached

Virtual Coffee: Feature Articles (#)

„Note that both methylene chloride and ethyl acetate evaporate very easily. Even if small amounts of solvent remain in the beans, it is highly unlikely that significant residues survive the high temperatures of the roasting and brewing processes that occur before the coffee is actually drunk. Nevertheless, consumers' almost metaphysical fear of such substances has led to the commercial development of alternative processes.“

http://www.virtualcoffee.com/sept_2002/ decafe.html - Cached

Brewing the Perfect Cup of Java (#)

„In other words, if you drink only one cup a day, don't go stockpiling your coffee beans because you just happen to be near your specialty coffee store and they happen to be running a sale on Ethiopian Harrar this week. Coffee beans are a perishable item which begin to loose flavors if not stored properly or used quickly after roasting.“

http://www.sallys-place.com/beverages/coffee/ perfect.htm - Cached

illy caffè North America (#)

„The tasting is also performed quickly, to facilitate the comparison between different samples. In order to prepare the coffee for testing, a small machine to roast the beans, another to measure the degree of roasting, a grinder and a boiler are all employed. The method most frequently used for tasting involves making an infusion by leaving approximately 10 grams of ground coffee in 150 cc of boiling water for about ten minutes.“

http://www.illyusa.com/pr/ whats_a_good_cup_of_coffee.htm - Cached

Home Roasting Coffee with the Fresh Roast (INeedCoffee.com) (#)

„That's beyond the scope of this article, but there is a resource to help those who wish to improve upon the original design. Sweet Maria's which sells both home roasting equipment and green coffee beans has a Home Coffee Roasting Mailing List . This is an excellent resource for all home roasters, not just users of the Fresh Roast machine.“

http://www.ineedcoffee.com/00/09/freshroast/ - Cached

Home Roasting Coffee in an Electric Oven (INeedCoffee.com) (#)

„A big disadvantage to oven roasting is that unlike the popcorn popper, you will need to remove the chaff by hand. Chaff is the leaf-like shell that peels off of coffee beans during the roasting process. Using a colander or something with holes will help a little. Still, most of the chaff will need to be removed by hand.“

http://www.ineedcoffee.com/00/06/oven/print.asp - Cached

It's All About Coffee (#)

„Home Roasting Coffee Beans provides a simple way to enjoy the aromas and tastes of freshly roasted, super premium, gourmet coffees. Think of the wonderful flavor and smell of fresh bread right from a bread maker, compared to that of store bought bread. Fresh roasted coffee provides a similar experience.“

http://www.aboutcoffee.net/ 2002_11_03_bcearc.html - Cached

Coffee: Resources for home espresso (#)

„Bear in mind that coffee beans release CO2, mostly in the first day or two after roasting. Ifyour beans are too freshly roasted, you might think about holding off on "canning" them.In fact, I've never blown up a jar, although sometimes they ping and let out an aromatic whoosh onopening. I don't worry about this.“

http://www.math.columbia.edu/~bayer/coffee.html - Cached

illy caffè North America (#)

„illycaffè perfectly roasts its coffee for full flavor without burning or over roasting the beans. The roasted coffee is then air-cooled. Another illycaffè exclusive is the pressurization technique used by the company to preserve its coffee.“

http://www.illyusa.com/pr/illycaffe.htm - Cached

Top Home Coffee Roasters (#)

„Home coffee roasting is actually pretty easy, and takes hardly any time at all. Though it's possible to roast your coffee beans in the oven, in a frying pan or even a popcorn popper , having a proper roaster may be handy for the roasting novice.“

http://coffeetea.about.com/b/a/086692.htm - Cached

Tea & Coffee 12/02 - World News (#)

„Starting in the current fiscal year, Tully’s is roasting coffee beans in Japan to take advantage of the lower import tariffs for raw beans than those for roasted beans, reckoning that this approach will reduce purchase costs by about 10%.“

http://www.teaandcoffee.net/1202/world.htm - Cached

Did you know that..? - Now you do - lots of interesting tidbits! (#)

„during the process of roasting coffee beans, coffeol gathers in pockets throughout the bean. This substance is forced out to the surface of the beans of darker roasts, as moisture is lost. Hence the bean has this oily appearance.“

http://www.koffeekorner.com/didyouknow.htm - Cached

coffeecrew.com - victoria, b.c. canada (#)

„I have been working with a Cimbali Compact there for about 5 years now. About two years ago, I started home roasting green coffee beans for my own use. At home, I use the bodum press method. I do not have an expresso machine at home for now.“

http://www.coffeecrew.com/support-forum/ page_7.html - Cached

Soluble (#)

„When the beans have been roasted (see Roasting) the beans are then ground into a coarse powder - this is the same as `Roast & Ground' coffee which you might buy from your local supermarket or coffee shop.“

http://www.britishcoffeeassociation.org/ id96.htm - Cached

Trottet - Notre Société - La tradition (#)

„The traditional method of coffee merchants who drum-roast coffee guarantees full roasting of the beans in 20 minutes. Automatic roasting "to the nearest second". The only way of obtaining optimum qualities.“

http://www.trottet.info/ societe_torrefaction_en.asp - Cached

The Value Of Coffee - National Coffee Association (#)

„Manufacturing involves the roasting and grinding of the coffee beans, or the production of instant coffee. Once manufacturing and packaging are completed, the coffee is ready for the consumer.“

http://www.ncausa.org/public/pages/ index.cfm?pageid=72 - Cached

Coffee Links - Espresso Coffee Beans and Makers (#)

„Fresh roasted gourmet arabica coffee beans direct to your door for supermarket prices! Gourmet Arabica coffee beans roasted, bagged and shipped within 24 hours of roasting!“

http://www.coffeeforums.com/topsites/ - Cached

View topic - about roasting Cofee Beans - Coffee Forum (#)

„I would like to know something in roasting coffee Beans。It will very kind of you if you could tell me something on this,or even a recommendation to relative websites is also very helpful.Thanks.“

http://www.coffeeforums.com/ viewtopic.php?p=5581 - Cached

76 - 100 (#)

„79. Before roasting, some green coffee beans are stored for years, and experts believethat certain beans improve with age, when stored properly.“

http://www.koffeekorner.com/76-100.htm - Cached

index (#)

„Roasting develops the flavors of coffee, breaking the chlorgenic acid in the green beans into more flavorful acids in roasted beans.“

http://www.cooperativecoffees.com/about/news/ courierjournal.html - Cached

Buying Green Coffee Beans (#)

„About>Food & Drink>Coffee/ Tea> Preparation> Roasting> Shopping for Green Beans“

http://coffeetea.about.com/od/buygreenbeans/ - Cached