JAMA -- Vascular Effects of Cocoa Rich in Flavan-3-ols, August 27, 2003, Heiss et al. 290 (8): 1030 (#)
„To the Editor: In vitro studies have suggested that flavonoids may have specific vascular effects, but their mechanism of action has not been clarified.1 A subclass of flavonoids—flavan-3-ols and their oligomers (procyanidins)—are constituents of cocoa beans, which can be detected in human plasma after ingestion of cocoa.2 In turn, plant extracts rich in flavan-3-ols can increase the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in endothelial cells.3 Nitric oxide is an essential signaling molecule in vascular physiology. Nitric oxide bioactivity can be preserved in human plasma in a circulating pool via increases in a number of nitrosated compounds.4-5 Thus, it is possible that cocoa rich in flavan-3-ols may lead to improved endothelium-dependent dilation via an increase of nitric oxide bioactivity.“
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/extract/290/8/ 1030 - Cached
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„Criteria used for making diagnoses (and rates of their prevalence) were as follows: withdrawal (94%), use continued despite knowledge of a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by caffeine use (94%), persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use (81%), and tolerance (75%). Eleven subjects underwent the double-blind caffeine-withdrawal evaluation portion of the study, and nine (82%) of the 11 showed objective evidence of caffeine withdrawal, including eight of 11 with functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS--These results, together with other experimental evidence, suggest that caffeine exhibits the features of a typical psychoactive substance of dependence. It is valuable to recognize caffeine dependence as a clinical syndrome, since some people feel compelled to continue caffeine use despite desires and recommendations to the contrary.“
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/272/13/ 1043
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„During intravenous and after intramuscular penicillin therapy, a spinal tap was performed on all subjects; later, assays were done. Of two patients who received intravenous penicillin G, one had 0.3 mug/ml and the other had 2.4 mug/ml penicillin in the CSF. Twelve of 13 patients who received benzathine penicillin G had no detectable penicillin in the CSF; one patient had 0.1 mug/ml penicillin in the CSF.“
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/236/19/ 2208
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„Little information is known regarding caffeine's effect on the substrate supporting sustained ventricular arrhythmias. This prospective study evaluated the effect of coffee (275 mg of caffeine) on this substrate with programmed ventricular stimulation in 22 patients with a history of symptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation. Patients underwent electrophysiological testing before and 1 hour after coffee ingestion. Mean (+/- SEM) plasma caffeine level achieved after coffee consumption was 6.2 +/- 0.5 mg/L.“
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/264/17/ 2236
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„Parkinsonian signs in older people: Prevalence and associations with smoking and coffee Louis et al. Neurology 2003;61:24-28. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT “
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/283/20/ 2674
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