- Coffee Science Information Centre (#)
„However, seed-beans or plant cuttings were eventually taken out of Arabia and cultivated in the Dutch colonies in India and Java. The Dutch became the main suppliers of coffee to Europe, with Amsterdam its trading centre.“
http://www.cosic.org/background-on-coffee/ history-of-coffee - Cached
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„1690: With a coffee plant smuggled out of the Arab port of Mocha, the Dutch become the first to transport and cultivate coffee commercially, in Ceylon--and in their East Indian colony Java, source of the brew's nickname.“
http://www.javacafe.com/cofhistory.htm
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Coffee @ nationalgeographic.com
„When Indonesia, which includes Java, gained full autonomy in 1954, the Dutch departed, leaving behind a few large estates, now nationalized, and a good deal of native know-how in coffee culture. A returned Dutch exporter, A.M. Tijsseling, knows the market well.“
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/coffee/ article3.html
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„The Dutch planted the first arabica trees in Java early in coffee history, and before the rust disease virtually wiped out the industry, Java led the world in coffee production. Most of this early acreage has been replaced by disease-resistant robusta, but, under the sponsorship of the Indonesian government, arabica has made a modest comeback on several of the old estates originally established by the Dutch.“
http://www.lucidcafe.com/bycountry2.html
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„The Dutch, of course, have an intimate connection with the bean as they were the first to actually grow the plant on European soil (see Fertile Grounds). And Dutch traders were quick to exploit the potential of the black brew, setting up the earliest coffee plantations and using the proceeds to fuel themselves as well as their nascent stock market. But even though Amsterdam, along with London, was one of the twin centres of the early worldwide coffee network, consumption at home was generally the quick and bitter fix that became the standard fare for caffeine starved workers. Of course there were specialty shops like Geels>> that served the more sophisticated tastes but, in the main, coffee in cafés was seen as simply a chaser for alcoholic stuff flavoured with hops or juniper.“
http://www.germinalproductions.co.uk/cafe/ amster1.html
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International Coffee Organization
„COFFEE COMES TO ASIA The Dutch were also growing coffee at Malabar in India, and in 1699 took some to Batavia in Java, in what is now Indonesia. Within a few years the Dutch colonies had become the main suppliers of coffee to Europe. Today Indonesia is the fourth largest exporter of coffee in the world.“
http://www.ico.org/acoff/cofstor.htm
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