Indian coffee board- monthly magazine- Cover Story- THE PROBLEM OF COFFEE WHITE STEM BORER AND THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES (#)

„Along with BHC, Lindane 20 EC was also recommended, but no body was using it due to the higher cost. The claim that BHC was more effective than Lindane in coffee planting circle is more psychological than scientific. Recent evaluation tests conducted for three years at CCRI have revealed that Lindane is as effective as BHC and since Lindane is available in liquid form it is easy to spray the solution directly on to the main stem and thick primaries with some amount of pressure using a backpack sprayer which facilitates penetration of the pesticide solution into the cracks and crevices on the coffee bark. Lindane 20 EC at the Brain Storming Session on Coffee White Stem Borer Coffee Board organized a Brain Storming Session on Coffee White Stem Borer at the Board's Conference Room on 23rd July 2004 at Bangalore on the premise that there was a communication gap with regard to the management of the stem borer and the coffee growing community needs to convinced about the research efforts being made and also about appropriate management strategies to be adopted to mitigate the situation.“

http://www.indiacoffee.org/newsletter/2004/aug/ cover_story.html - Cached

Fresh Cup Magazine April 2002 (#)

„Little did he know he would be constructing homes for coffee farmers. "We were digging a foundation for a farmer on the side of a hill when we accidentally covered a coffee plant with fill dirt," Harris recalls. "The farmer got so upset that when we covered the second plant, he stopped the work, and for an hour and a half, he explained how important these coffee plants were. He allowed us to continue working once we promised that we would not cover any more of his coffee plants." Struck by how much the plants meant to the farmer, it dawned on Harris that the trip, ostensibly about building houses, was turning out to be about coffee.“

http://www.cooperativecoffees.com/about/news/ 402freshcup.html - Cached

Invisible Communications in Coffee Plantations (INeedCoffee.com) (#)

„For example in our 100 hectare plantation, coffee blocks thickly populated with erythrina, red & white cedar, jack, eugelina jamboolina, ficus gobbaraneralu, soobabul, the coffee plants appear very healthy, the leaf color evergreen, big in size, good and uniform fruit set and mature beans and negligible pest and disease incidence. Essentially the coffee plant shows extraordinarily powerful defense mechanisms against pest and disease incidence. On the contrary coffee blocks having predominantly silveroak,, mesopsis, mangium, eucalyptus, acasia, Mahagony, rosewood, nandi, the plants lack vigor and are more prone to pest and disease incidence. The probable reason for this is that the above mentioned tree species have a large amount of phenolics in their leaf and the leaflitter at the base of the coffee plant accumulates toxic amounts of phenolics .“

http://www.ineedcoffee.com/03/invisible/ - Cached

Significance of Lime Application in Coffee Plantations (INeedCoffee.com) (#)

„However the major cause for worry in Plantations is the repeated use of ACIDIC chemical fertilizers year in and year out which drastically alters the stable pH. The above mentioned factors like constant addition of chemicals to the soil, coupled with high temperature, acid rain, industrial effluents getting into irrigation water and excessive rainfall or severe drought results in severe acidity build up in the soil system and affects the nutrient uptake of the coffee plantation. For instance; if there is a sudden downpour inside the coffee farm, just after the application of fertilizers, then a part of the fertilizer starts leaching downward, beyond the root zone of the coffee plant and ultimately reaches groundwater. The loss is not so much for the coffee bush, but the resultant accumulation of no degradable toxic metabolites within the soil system that can have a ripple effect on the flora and fauna of the region.“

http://www.ineedcoffee.com/04/lime/ - Cached

Coffee Plant (#)

„The coffee plant is a woody perennial evergreen that belongs to the Rubiaceae family.  Two main species are cultivated today.  Coffea arabica known as Arabica coffee accounts for 75-80% of the world's production.  Coffea canephora, known as Robusta coffee, is more resilient plant than the Arabica shrubs, but produces an inferior tasting beverage.  The coffee plant can grow to heights of 10 meters if not pruned, but producing countries maintain coffee at three meters to ease picking.  Each hectare of coffee produces 86 lbs of oxygen per day, which is about half the production of the same area in a rain forest.“

http://www.coffeeresearch.org/coffee/ coffeeplant.htm - Cached

Tips on Coffee - The history of coffee (#)

„Around 1650, coffee importation into England began and coffeehouses opened in Oxford and London. Coffee planting began in the English colonies, but a disease wiped out the plantations, leading the English to re-plant them with tea instead. By the 18th century, the beverage had become popular in Europe, and European colonists had introduced coffee to tropical countries worldwide as a plantation crop to supply domestic demand. During the 19th century, European demand for coffee was so strong that when genuine coffee beans were scarce, people developed similar-tasting substitutes from various roasted vegetable substances, such as chicory root, dandelion root, acorns, or figs.“

http://www.tips-on-coffee.com/ print_version.php?s=27 - Cached

BBC News | SCI/TECH | Coffee crisis in Ethiopia (#)

„Wednesday, 21 June, 2000, 18:08 GMT 19:08 UK Coffee crisis in Ethiopia Coffee: The most valuable international commodity after oil The future of the world's most popular coffee bean is under threat because of deforestation, according to an Ethiopian ecologist. Tadesse Gole, currently at the University of Bonn, Germany, claims only an international emergency programme can save the surviving remnants of the wild arabica coffee plants growing in the highland rainforests of south-west Ethiopia. Over 90% of the coffee drunk in the world comes from a few commercial varieties of arabica bean. But the ability to develop new varieties that can overcome disease depends on the survival of the many wild varieties in Ethiopia.“

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_800000/ 800356.stm - Cached

Hawaii Coffee Association (#)

„"We already have the worlds best tasting coffee, and the worlds healthiest coffee trees", stated Sheppard. "According to its' own website the Hawaii Department of Agriculture's Plant Quarantine Program began over a hundred years ago when, in 1888, King David Kalakaua decreed that in order to protect the coffee industry in Hawaii, new coffee plants would not be allowed into the islands. This protection has resulted in us having the only 100 year old trees still producing coffee; all other coffee growing areas are riddled with disease and pests. We would be better served by our scientists continuing to keep invasive pests and diseases out of our islands, than on introducing varieties that put us at risk".“

http://www.hawaiicoffeeassoc.org/ 7_19_2002_kona1.htm - Cached

Fresh Cup Magazine (#)

„Little did he know he would be constructing homes for coffee farmers. "We were digging a foundation for a farmer on the side of a hill when we accidentally covered a coffee plant with fill dirt," Harris recalls. "The farmer got so upset that when we covered the second plant, he stopped the work, and for an hour and a half, he explained how important these coffee plants were. He allowed us to continue working once we promised that we would not cover any more of his coffee plants." Struck by how much the plants meant to the farmer, it dawned on Harris that the trip, ostensibly about building houses, was turning out to be about coffee.“

http://www.freshcup.com/apr02_meetcoops.htm - Cached

Timeforcoffee.com (#)

„The new government in charge wanted to increase the productivity potential of all the fields. They established agreements to support the coffee plantations like 'Decreto 1ro. de octubre' (October 1st, decree), it said that 'We will give two hundred pesos to the first farmer who produces 10,000 pounds of coffee, one hundred pesos to the second, third and fourth Farmer'. Since 1871, the coffee business became the number one export for Guatemala's economy.“

http://www.timeforcoffee.com/coffeetime/ history.htm - Cached

History of Coffee from Coffee Universe (#)

„This one plant, transplanted to the Caribbean Island of Martinique, became the predecessor of over 19 million trees on the island within 50 years. It was from this humble beginning that the coffee plant found its way to the rest of the tropical regions of South and Central America. Coffee was declared the national drink of the then colonized United States by the Continental Congress, in protest of the excessive tax on tea levied by the British crown. Espresso, a recent innovation in the way to prepare coffee, obtained its origin in 1822, with the innovation of the first crude espresso machine in France.“

http://www.coffeeuniverse.com/ university_hist.html - Cached

Global Exchange : Coffee Cooperatives (#)

„The plants got usedto the chemicals and they suffered without it and dried up. Werealized that the chemical is good for only one year; that for onlyone year the plant produces coffee, but not after the second year.Then the coffee plants die, and even if we plant new ones they do notproduce because the soil is already damaged with the chemicals. Forthis reason we are doing organic work in all the parcels; we aregrowing only organic coffee; we are using shade for our coffee plantsand we are diversifying our shade trees; and we are also using compostin our corn fields or milpas."“

http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/coffee/ cooperatives.html - Cached

Fresh Cup Magazine (#)

„   The "modern" coffee-growing system seeks to wrest control away from nature by using severe pruning and a chemical cocktail of inputs to create a landscape of coffee plants densely planted in bare, denuded earth, with all variables under human control. In reality, what happens is that subtle, exceedingly complex and imperfectly understood natural systems are replaced by seemingly complex manmade ones. The tendency is toward a simplistic yet compelling focus on yield per plant and acre rather than a more complex measurement of the total cost benefit of a sustainable farming system.“

http://www.freshcup.com/feb02_costarica.htm - Cached

Global Exchange : bingham0899.html (#)

„Recently, however, many coffee farmers in northern Latin America have reduced or eliminated shade to grow new high-yielding coffee plants under direct sun. Fear of a disease known as coffee leaf rust sparked an early round of conversions, most of which took place in the 1970s. To prevent the spread of the disease, coffee farmers "technified," replacing older, shade-loving coffee varieties, such as t'pica and bourb--n, with new varieties, packed in tight hedgerows, that can survive open sun -- but only with chemical inputs.“

http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/coffee/ bingham0899.html - Cached

The Coffee Review - the world's leading coffee buying guide (#)

„De Clieu first had difficulties talking the authorities in Paris into giving him some trees (he finally stole them), but this was nothing compared with what he went through once at sea. First, a fellow traveler tried to rip up his trees, a man who, de Clieu writes, was "basely jealous of the joy I was about to taste through being of service to my country, and being unable to get this coffee plant away from me, tore off a branch." Other, more cynical commentators suggest the potential coffee thief was a Dutch spy bent on sabotaging the French coffee industry.“

http://www.coffeereview.com/reference.cfm?id=14 - Cached

Coffee Growing at Home (#)

„After germination the plant should either be left alone or carefully removed and planted in a soil with a low pH (acidic) and high nitrogen content.  The soil should be porous.  Therefore, course sand or basalt gravel dust can be added.  Manure can also be added.  A fertilizer that is appropriate for orchids can be used sparingly for the coffee plant to maintain mineral levels and a low pH.“

http://www.coffeeresearch.org/coffee/ homegrowing.htm - Cached

Organic Matter Decomposition In Coffee Plantations (INeedCoffee.com) (#)

„The bulk of the nutrients go into the preparation of so called WOODS, which bear the coming year’s crop. In simple terms the coffee plant has a BIOLOGICAL CLOCK within, which in turn programmes the plant almost one year in advance as to where the respective photosyntahtes should be Tran located to produce fruits, leaves, productive woods, shoots and other material. This requires a constant supply of Macro as well as Micro nutrients in addition to growth promoting substances. The rich organic matter and humus provides the ideal set up for plant programming.“

http://www.ineedcoffee.com/04/decomposition/ - Cached

Big Easy Coffee (#)

„The house coffee is laced with chicory, an herb which is widely grown for its roots. The dried, ground and roasted root of the chicory plant is often used to spice up the flavor of coffee, and at Du Monde, it's done to perfection. You can order your coffee black, but I strongly suggest the cafe au lait, served in equal parts of warm milk and hot coffee. The chicory flavor is clearly present but not overpowering.“

http://www.sallys-place.com/beverages/coffee/ big_easy.htm - Cached

Coffee Association of Canada (#)

„The institutions involved said the coffee research has so far cost about six million real (about R14-million) but experts said its potential payoff would be far higher, estimating that genetic changes to coffee plants would save at least one billion real (about R2,3-billion) a year through higher productivity and the use of fewer herbicides and pesticides.“

http://www.coffeeassoc.com/recentnews8.htm - Cached

Amazon.com: Books: Psyche Delicacies: Coffee, Chocolate, Chiles, Kava, and Cannabis, and Why They're Good for You (#)

„I was impressed with Kilham's writing style, narrative drive, ability to quickly sketch colorful characters, and skill at connecting the lives of indigenous peoples and their herb lore to the jaded first-world reader. (He also doesn't skimp on the supporting science, but doesn't bog the reader down in it.) I learned a lot about coffee,chocolate, pot, and other psychoactive plants/pleasures, and had fun doing it. Highly recommended, as a perfect hybrid of adventure travel (replete with very amusing misadventures) and healthy mood-aleration.“

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/ 1579543472?v=glance - Cached

CoffeeGeek - The Basics of Ethical Coffees (#)

„Shade Grown or Bird Friendly coffee refers to farms where trees are present above the coffee plants, providing a home for birds and other animals. A common technique for increasing yield of coffee is to remove the trees which grow above the plants or to clear the land and plant the coffee in rows. The drawback is that the birds and other animals which used to live in the area are forced to move.“

http://www.coffeegeek.com/opinions/cafestage/ 11-22-2002 - Cached

- Coffee Science Information Centre (#)

„Trade in coffee, a much-prized commodity, was jealously guarded by the Arabs who would not allow foreigners to visit their coffee plantations, nor fertile coffee beans to be taken out of the country. However, seed-beans or plant cuttings were eventually taken out of Arabia and cultivated in the Dutch colonies in India and Java. The Dutch became the main suppliers of coffee to Europe, with Amsterdam its trading centre.“

http://www.cosic.org/background-on-coffee/ history-of-coffee - Cached

BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | GM decaf coffee plant created (#)

„Japanese scientists have used genetic modification technology to create a decaffeinated coffee plant - the first time it has been done, according to expert observers. Writing in the British journal Nature, the researchers say their GM plants contain roughly a third of the caffeine content of natural varieties. But it may be many years before engineered coffee beans are being used widely to make refreshing drinks in the world's cafes.“

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/science/nature/ 3002112.stm - Cached

International Coffee Organization (#)

„The fruits are oval and mature in 7 to 9 months; they usually contain two flat seeds (the coffee beans) - when only one bean develops it is called a peaberry. Arabica coffee is often susceptible to attack by pests and diseases, therefore resistance is a major goal of plant breeding programmes. Arabica coffee is grown throughout Latin America, in Central and East Africa, in India and to some extent in Indonesia.“

http://www.ico.org/acoff/botan.htm - Cached

Tea & Coffee 02/01 - Coffee Transport in the New Millennium (#)

„Coffee transportation first made history when Captain Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, a 16th century French naval officer, stole a coffee plant from the Royal garden of King Louis XIV, and hand carried it on ship to the island of Martinique. De Clieu carefully placed the uprooted shrub in a container crafted especially for this voyage. The container was covered with a glass frame to absorb the sun’s rays, which would retain heat on cloudy days.“

http://www.teaandcoffee.net/0201/coffee.htm - Cached

ICAFE (#)

„All the coffee-producing regions of Costa Rica have joined in signing a quality improvement agreement*, whereby the owners of processing plants in each region undertake to produce coffee of the highest quality. By accepting only ripe cherries, the processing plant owners insure that only the finest coffee is processed.“

http://www.icafe.go.cr/icafe/7_regiones_eng.htm - Cached

Tea & Coffee 07/04 - World News (#)

„“This is the first report of a decaffeinated variety of Coffea arabica,” says Paulo Mazzafera, head of the team at the University of Campinas, Brazil, which isolated the strains. The coffee plants discovered have a caffeine level of only 0.07%. Normal varieties of commercially cultivated Arabica coffees possess levels of 2% caffeine. Mazzafera announced his discovery in the prestigious science journal Nature last month.“

http://www.teaandcoffee.net/0704/world.htm - Cached

LIGHT & SWEET: Move Over Botox -- Training Bacteria To Flatten Caffeine - National Coffee Association (#)

„Recently published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, their work theorizes that bacteria can be “trained” to munch on the boisterously bitter chemical, selectively eliminating caffeine from the coffee plant. The basic premise is that your average bacterium, thirsting for the fountain of survival, has a strong incentive to create vital molecules and can be tricked into thinking that caffeine is their elixir of choice.“

http://www.ncausa.org/public/pages/ headlinedetails.cfm?id=297&returnto=1 - Cached

Benefits of Fair Trade (#)

„Equal Exchange’s fair trade practices help build pride, independence and community empowerment for small farmers and their families. A coffee processing plant in El Salvador, community stores in Colombia, the training of doctors and nurses in Mexico, reforestation programs in Costa Rica, new schools in Peru — these are all examples of the initiatives that co-ops have taken in their own communities with the income from fair trade.“

http://www.equalexchange.com/intro/ eeintro6.html - Cached

View topic - coffee aroma - Coffee Forum (#)

„Green coffee beans contain up to 10% of chlorogenic acids, i.e., various isomers of hydroxy-cinnamoyl esters of quinic acid (a common plant constituent). Common to most plants and fruits, green coffee beans can contain as much as 10% of dry weight of chlorogenic acids. These are mixtures of mono- and di-esters of 3-substituted 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and quinic acid, a sugar-like molecule.“

http://www.coffeeforums.com/ viewtopic.php?t=1025 - Cached

Coffee: Old Familiar Becomes New Favorite (#)

„Indeed, caffeine has proven itself a potent central nervous system stimulant. Coffee is brewed from the seeds of the coffee plant. These "beans" contain caffeine, a stimulant known in chemical jargon as "trimethylxanthine," which also is found in cocoa beans and other naturally-occurring foods. In the case of caffeinated sodas, trimethylxanthine is added during processing.“

http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/columnnn/ nn980923.html - Cached

Café de Colombia - COFFEE TREES (#)

„Maragogipe Discovered in the Brazilian township, Maragogipe in 1870. The plant is a gigantic form of the common arabian coffee and known to resist disease better than the other varieties. After it bears its first heavy crop, it is difficult to keep it shapely and subsequent yields are very small. COFFEA CANEPHORA This species originates in Africa and can be cultivated between 300 and 1,000 meters of altitude.“

http://www.juanvaldez.com/menu/history/ trees.html - Cached

BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | GM decaf coffee plant created (#)

„A team of scientists, led by Shinjiro Ogita, used a technique called RNA interference to reduce the activity of key genes in the coffee plant called Coffea canephora. Dr Ogita told BBC News Online: "[Our] GM coffee plants are still young. They are one year old and about 15-30 centimetres in height, and have not produced beans yet. It will take 3-5 years to harvest.“

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/ 3002112.stm - Cached

Tea & Coffee 12/03 - 2003 People of the Year (#)

„A few years later, Mike returned to one of his areas of expertise: building soluble coffee plants. He was hired by Cia Cacique in Brazil as their industrial manager, and started up a large Niro-built instant coffee plant in Londrina. After Cacique Mike worked for Brasilia and did advisory work for Dominium (Bank of Brasil), Vigor, Cocam, and many others.“

http://www.teaandcoffee.net/1203/special.htm - Cached

A Coffee Lover's Guide to Tea (INeedCoffee.com) (#)

„The plant has shiny green leaves and small white flowers. Like coffee plants, the plants can grow to 30 feet in the wild, but they tea trees are pruned to around 3 feet for cultivation. Actually, the tea tree's leaves and the coffee plant's leaves look somewhat similar, only the tea leaves are smaller.“

http://www.ineedcoffee.com/99/07/tea/ - Cached

CoffeeGeek - Be a Better Beginner (#)

„There are different kinds of coffee plants. Find out if you are drinking specialty coffee from the Arabica species of coffee plant. Most bulk coffee (think Folgers) is Robusta, and not considered specialty. The climate, farming, and processing of the country of origin can all affect the final result.“

http://www.coffeegeek.com/opinions/newbiecolumn/ 05-22-2002 - Cached

ICAFE (#)

„A burst of feverish activity in preparation for processing operations is a sure sign that the red cherries, which have been picked by skillful hands from the coffee groves, are about to arrive at the processing plant. Ninety-four processing plants receive the fruit and this is where the precision operations begin.“

http://www.icafe.go.cr/icafe/ beneficiadores_eng.htm - Cached

View topic - Genetically engineered decaf coffee - Coffee Forum (#)

„Researchers say they have genetically engineered coffee plants that have 70 percent less caffeine than usual in their leaves. The crucial question for brewing coffee - whether beans from those plants will have less caffeine - won't be known for three to four years when the plants mature, said study author Shinjiro Ogita.“

http://www.coffeeforums.com/ viewtopic.php?p=5297 - Cached

index (#)

„Other chemicals on the list include the insecticide Thiodan, a highly toxic insecticide associated with the death and illness of coffee workers in Colombia; Paraquat, a quick-acting, non-selective herbicide that destroys green plant tissue on contact; furadan, which is lethal to birds and animals; and 2,4-D, a component in Agent Orange.“

http://www.cooperativecoffees.com/about/news/ courierjournal.html - Cached

Amazon.com: Books: Home Coffee Roasting: Romance & Revival (#)

„A very fun book for the coffee hobbyist or anyone who would like to learn more about coffee and home coffee roasting. Not only is this book packed with history (in a fun way) it is also a wealth of reference information regarding home roasting and the overall coffee process, from plant to cup!“

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/ 0312141114?v=glance - Cached

ICAFE (#)

„Men and women plant and harvest by hand more than 250,000 acres of coffee, diligently extracting 2.5 million 132-lb. sacks each year. Such extraordinary productivity is made possible by volcanic soils, hard work and mutually supportive working conditions, as well as the respect that Ticos* have for nature.“

http://www.icafe.go.cr/icafe/index_eng.htm - Cached

The History Of Coffee - National Coffee Association (#)

„The Dutch did a curious thing, however.  In 1714, the Mayor of Amsterdam presented a gift of a young coffee plant to King Louis XIV of France. The King ordered it to be planted in the Royal Botanical Garden in Paris. In 1723, a young naval officer, Gabriel de Clieu obtained a seedling from the King's plant.“

http://www.ncausa.org/public/pages/ index.cfm?pageid=68 - Cached

Café Forum | Coffee Products/Equipment Manufacturers (#)

„Manufacturers and Suppliers of Coffee Processing equipment and processing plants on an turnkey basis from the farm up to the Roasting and packing plant. - Contact: Fred Coelho - Address: P.O. Box 618, Umhlanga Rocks, Durban, South Africa - Tel: 27-31-5611078 - Fax: 27-31-5611480 - Email: fredc@brasitech.com “

http://www.lucidcafe.com/cafebystate/ manufacturers.html - Cached

Health and Ecological Issues (#)

„We may periodically choose to offer an MC decaf because of its outstanding cup qualitites, but will only offer German-processed ones for this reason. EU standards for non-emmisions including vapour-reclaimation from coffee plants (even for roast smoke) is an assurance that this process is being performed with care.“

http://www.sweetmarias.com/health.eco.html - Cached

How Coffee is Grown (#)

„Coffee beans come from the fruit of a coffee plant called a cherry. Each cherry contains two beans, which are actually seeds, surrounded by several protective layers and an outer pulp. The coffee harvest begins with farmers hand-picking the ripe cherries.“

http://www.equalexchange.com/intro/ eeintro3.html - Cached

Hawaii Coffee Association (#)

„Does ozone work on all plant diseases that affect coffee? That is what the research is working on. Coffee berry borer, coffee leaf rust, and coffee berry disease are the top three that are being worked on.“

http://www.hawaiicoffeeassoc.org/ 11_11_2003_minutes.htm - Cached

BBC - History - Elisabeth Dakin (c.1848) (#)

„Coffee originated in the tropical regions of Ethiopia, where the plant, Coffea Arabica, thrives in high altitude rain forests. It was first cultivated by Arab merchants, who introduced it to the port of Mocha in Yemen around the 6th century. Europeans first discovered it a thousand years later.“

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/ dakin_elisabeth.shtml - Cached

Café de Colombia - 70 Years of Fair and Ethical Trading (#)

„The factory brings to the area employment opportunities, business activity and dissemination of technical and management skills. The plant is managed totally for the benefit of, and with all the profits returning to, the coffee farmers and their communities.“

http://www.juanvaldez.com/menu/history/ ethics.html - Cached

Growing Coffea Arabica at Home from Seed (#)

„At 9 months, the plant is really looking like coffee (although it has not yet dropped the lilly pad leaves yet). You may need to re-pot .it is best to allow the plant a lot of room for deep roots than confine its growth in a small pot.“

http://www.sweetmarias.com/ growingcoffeeathome.html - Cached

Amazon.com: Books: Coffee: Growing, Processing, Sustainable Production : A Guidebook for Growers, Processors, Traders, and Researchers (#)

„Coffee professionals around the world will find the specific information they need in this lavishly illustrated and practical work designed to answer all their questions about the coffee plant and how it is grown, harvested, processed and refined.“

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/ 3527307311?v=glance - Cached

The Value Of Coffee - National Coffee Association (#)

„Coffee plants grow best where there is plenty of rainfall at certain times of the year and thrive in a  well-drained, rich, volcanic soil.  The plant does not like sudden changes in temperature, and frost can severely damage or kill it.“

http://www.ncausa.org/public/pages/ index.cfm?pageid=72 - Cached

Varietal (#)

„Definition: Coffee grown in different geographical regions. Though all coffee comes from the same species of plant, the climate and soils in different parts of the world can alter the taste of coffee grown there.“

http://coffeetea.about.com/library/glossary/ bldef_varietal.htm - Cached

1600's (#)

„1690: Having smuggled a coffee plant out of the Arab port of Mocha, the Dutch became the first to transport and cultivate coffee commercially, to Ceylon and their East Indian colony - Java, which was the source of the brew's nickname.“

http://www.britishcoffeeassociation.org/ id118.htm - Cached

Coffee @ nationalgeographic.com (#)

„The Dutch (map) cleared the initial hurdle in 1616, spiriting a coffee plant into Europe (map) for the first time. Then in 1696 they founded the first European-owned coffee estate, on colonial Java, now part of Indonesia (map).“

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/coffee/ legend3.html - Cached

:: The Plant :: (#)

„The coffee plant is actually a shrub - pruned to around two or three metres, which makes it easy to pick. After five years, it's ready to produce quality beans - or rather, cherries.“

http://www.matthewalgie.com/find_out/plant.html - Cached

International Coffee Organization (#)

„Wind-breaks are sometimes planted to protect coffee plantations; shade trees, which may be economic crops such as bananas, are a common feature and mimic the natural habitat of coffee.“

http://www.ico.org/acoff/ecology.htm - Cached

Indiacoffee - Planter's handbook - Quick facts - Diseases (#)

„Red root disease normally infects shade trees such as Silver Oak or Syzigium (nerale), followed by adjacent coffee plants. Root system shows red encrustration covered by soil and gravel. The rhizomorph appears deep red in colour.“

http://www.indiacoffee.org/planter/ quickfacts4.html - Cached

Factors in a Perfect Cup (of espresso) (#)

„The other coffee plant is the coffea robusta grown at lower altitudes. Robusta coffees have a woody type of flavor that most people find lacking in appeal particularly when compared with the arabicas.“

http://www.lucidcafe.com/cafeforum/factors.html - Cached

Coffee and Cafés of Amsterdam (#)

„The first coffee plant grown on European soil was in Amsterdam. We take a trip back to see how, why and when.“

http://www.germinalproductions.co.uk/cafe/ botanics.html - Cached

Tea & Coffee 09/03 - World News (#)

„JAPAN - Decaf brew from a coffee plant that has been genetically modified to produce beans with very little caffeine could one day come to a coffee shop near you, reports the Globe and Mail.“

http://www.teaandcoffee.net/0903/world.htm - Cached

CoffeeGeek - Coffee: General Discussion, Propagating a coffee plant/bush (#)

„Is it possible to sprout a coffee plant from my green beans? Could I grow a coffee bush in my picture window? I live in ND and could only take it outside about 6 mos.“

http://www.coffeegeek.com/forums/coffee/general/ 98394 - Cached

Fairtrade | Publications | Fair Comment | Spring 1999 (#)

„It takes three years before a new coffee plant can produce its first berries, and in this time Edgar joined the local co-operative, Co-op el Dos.“

http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/fc-spr99.htm - Cached

Coffee @ nationalgeographic.com (#)

„On the return passage to Martinique, wrote de Clieu, a “basely jealous” passenger, “being unable to get this coffee plant away from me, tore off a branch.”“

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/coffee/ legend5.html - Cached

Coffee Origin - From South America, Africa, Asia Pacific, Coffee Pictures and Attributes. (#)

„The coffee plant grows in tropical areas. It grows between600 to 7200 feet above sea level. Fundamentally, coffee beans are of two types:“

http://www.koffeekorner.com/koffeesources.htm - Cached

Coffee and Cafés of Amsterdam (#)

„The first coffee plant grown on European soil was in Amsterdam. We take a trip back to see how and why ...more>> “

http://www.germinalproductions.co.uk/cafe/ features.html - Cached

It's All About Coffee (#)

„I've decided to grow a few coffee plants which may, if I can keep the them alive, eventually produce a modest crop. I've started with Caffea kona and C. arabica.“

http://www.aboutcoffee.net/ 2003_05_25_bcearc.html - Cached

View topic - Caffeine eating bacteria - Coffee Forum (#)

„Scientists at the Emory University in Atlanta are working on training bacteria to remove(eat) the caffeine straight from the coffee plant.“

http://www.coffeeforums.com/ viewtopic.php?t=1055 - Cached

India coffee - News - New way to combat coffee berry borer (#)

„The goal is to make the fungus thrive in the coffee plant, thus exposing it to the borer, according to Mr Vega.“

http://www.indiacoffee.org/news/2004/11/ nov30.html - Cached

Untitled Document (#)

„A look at the first coffee plant grown on European soil...more>> “

http://www.germinalproductions.co.uk/cafe/ feature_eth.html - Cached

Health (#)

„Ethiopia : Use of a mixture made of coffee powder and honey to treat diarrhea. “

http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ik/ikpacks/ health.htm - Cached